Eligibility Exception:
mentally deficient or alienated persons laid under interdiction and those disenfranchised pursuant to a final court decision
Registration Type:
Automatic registration
Registration Basis:
Residence requirement
Registration Flexibility:
45
Election Management & Enforcement
Nameof EMB:
Permanent Electoral Authority
Independent EMB:
No
EMBNominations:
3 members selected by the Legislature, President, Prime Minister. Expert based membership.
EMBTenure:
8 years
Who Runs Election:
Election Management Body
Nameof Elect Enforcement Body:
Administrative Division of the Court of Appeals
Candidacy & Campaign Rules
Restrictto Candidacy:
Candidate registration was open and inclusive. A total of 2,457 candidates from 12 parties or electoral alliances and 18 national minority organizations, as well as 12 independent candidates, were registered. According to the Constitution, each citizen with the right to vote can stand for election if s/he meets the minimum age requirements of 23 years for election to the Chamber of Deputies or 33 for election to the Senate. High-level public servants are only allowed to stand for election if they resign before registering as candidates. Candidates can be nominated by political parties, political and electoral alliances, coalitions, and organizations representing national minorities, or can run independently. Political parties and their coalitions can only nominate one person in each single-member district. There is no requirement that the candidate be from the district s/he is running in or to have any connection to that district. No candidate can stand in more than one single-member district, except for candidates from organizations representing national minorities who can run in all districts. Prospective independent candidates need to collect supporting signatures of at least four per cent of voters in the voter lists in the single-member district where they wish to stand (or in a given country when running for a single-member district abroad), but no less than 2,000 signatures for the Chamber of Deputies and 4,000 signatures for the Senate. A voter can only give his/her signature in support of one prospective independent candidate for either chamber of the parliament.
Debate Average:
1
Debate Format:
Two candidates, 2014. However, the runoff campaign lacked a grand presidential debate aired on national television, like in 2004 and 2009. Instead, two semi-improvised debates were hosted by commercial broadcasters.
Campaign Length Average:
30
Opinion Polls Embargo:
Embargo for longer
Electoral System & Organisation
Elect System Main Election:
Majority
Main Election Type:
Presidential
Main Election Cycle:
5
Numb Round Main Election:
Two
Referenda_Law:
Constitution of Romania Article 90: The President of Romania may, after consultation with Parliament, ask the people to express, by referendum, its will on matters of national interest.
Referenda_Binding:
Always Binding
Voting Machine:
None
Vote IDRequired:
ID check compulsory
Polling Card:
Polling card sent but not compulsory
National Holiday Elect Day:
Never
Dayof Election:
Sunday
Districting Flexibility:
existing regional/provincial/other boundaries are used. Art. 10. – For the organisation of elections, they shall set up constituencies at the level of the 41 counties, one constituency in the municipality of Bucharest, and one separate constituency for the Romanians with the domicile or residence outside the country. The total number of constituencies shall be of 43.
Polling Station
Average Voterby Polling Station:
843
Normal Opening Time Poll Station:
700
Normal Closing Time Poll Station:
2100
Polling Station Numbers:
21706
Listof Polling Station Buildings:
public buildings
Accessibility Requirement:
Party to UNCRPD
Box Feeding System:
Voter
Vote Receipt:
No receipt
Count Locallyor Centrally:
locally
Manualor Automatic Count:
manual
Nature Counting Personnel:
electoral bureau members
Ballot Paper
Ballot Type:
Paper
Singleor Multi Paper Ballot:
Single
Ballot Paper Type Description:
Every voter receives a booklet and a stamp in exchange to his/her passport. The complete ranking of candidates of every party is given in the booklet. Voters stamp next to their party's symbol.
Ballot Paper Type Photo Upload:
YES
Ballot Logos:
Freely Allowed
Orderof Candidatesor Parties:
random
Remote Voting
Remote Voting List:
mobile polling stations
Mobile Polling Stations:
Yes
Special Needs
Provision Illiterate Voters:
Ballot Paper with Symbols
Provision Linguistic Ethnic Minorites:
information available in other languages
Provision Blind Voters:
assisted voting
Provision Deaf Voters:
assisted voting
Provision Motor Handicap Voters:
Law no. 35/2008: Regulations on the Elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Article 42, paragraph 22(1) states: For the electors who cannot be transported on grounds of illness or invalidity, the president of the electoral bureau of the polling station may approve, following their written request, accompanied of the copy of medical documents or other official documents attesting the fact that the respective persons cannot be transported, that a team formed of at least 2 members of the electoral bureau goes, with a special ballot box and with the material needed for the vote…to the place where the elector is, in order to carry out the vote.
Over Representation Vuln Group:
Reserved Communal Seats - 19 seats for small minorities. Exemption of election threshold for 18 recognised minorities.
Targeted Initiatives
Recent Major Changes:
The presidential term length was changed from 4 to 5 years in 2003 following a constitutional referendum.
Transparency Initiative:
Each ballot is read and recorded on the form set by the president, assisted by other members of the electoral commission